The Effects Of Animal Based Therapy Practices On Clients...

Abstract This study is designed to examine the effects of animal based therapy within the domain of speech and language intervention. This study specifically examines the effects of animal based therapy practices on clients who have nonfluent aphasia. A pretest posttest control group design will be utilized to determine the overall effectiveness and client satisfaction of animal based therapy in comparison to typically utilized aphasia therapy. Results will be determined by observing the clients performance throughout the session as well as through surveys. Introduction The effects of animal assisted therapy (AAT) have not been fully explored in relation to speech language pathology. This lack of attention can be noted†¦show more content†¦358). AAT is also used to treat specific health issues, such as spinal cord injury, dementia, depression, psychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia (Macauley, 2006). Despite the increased interest in these types of therapy across several medical fields, these specific techniques have seen little usage within the field of speech-language pathology. Overall, in these other fields as well as through its limited use in speech therapy settings, AAT has been deemed as an effective method for patient therapy. Macauley noted that the use of therapy dogs was effective at reducing anxiety in psychiatric patients (Macauley, 2006, p. 363). Similar testing has been done with patients who have aphasia. In these studies patients received a semester of treatment in a traditional setting and then a semester wi th AAT based speech therapy. After each semester, clients were given a questionnaire to fill out to obtain information about their sessions in specific regards to the patient’s motivation and performance. The questionnaires also assessed communication with the clinician and the clinician’s preparedness. After careful examination of these questionnaires it was found that clients were happier with the results of the session and believed that they made more progress in sessions that used animal therapy. Another study that was completed on this topic focused on the amount of attempts towards communication

The Role of Music during World War II - 736 Words

Music played a major role in the way people lived during the World War II era. It affected the way people coped and the way people grieved. While this era was a very serious and bleak time, people still found joy in music. World War II was the first war to happen in the age of electronically mass distributed music. The role of music during this time helped keep positive spirits among people all around the world. On a different note, the Germans played music to their soldiers to motivate them to continue to fight. Music was used as propaganda throughout the countries involved to gain public support. The music that was present in World War II was extremely versatile and happy, which helped keep spirits high among everybody. Styles such as swing, blues, and jazz were popular music styles at the time. By the end of 1941, 96.2% of Americans owned radios. This granted greater access to music and information on the war. This is in contrast to World War I, where most citizens of the world were not as connected to the war through radio. In a way, the mass distribution of music was unifying for the American citizens and troops. However, many African-American musical artists used music to highlight the hypocrisy of the Americans fighting for freedom at that time because there was still a lot of segregation and discrimination in the United States and in it’s military. During the WWII era, American music was banned throughout Germany and Nazi-occupied Europe. This is because inShow MoreRelatedMusic And The Second World War1666 Words   |  7 Pages Music and the Second World War Adam Griffin South Piedmont Community College Music Appreciation 110 – Mr. Campbell â€Å"In World War II, jazz absolutely was the music of freedom, and then in the Cold War, behind the Iron Curtain, same thing. It was all underground, but they needed the food of freedom that jazz offered† – Herbie Hancock. 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In this paper, we will be focusing on dance functioning as a recreation in the society during the Pre-War period, War period and Post War period of World War II. The paper will examine how society turned to dance recreationally, how society benefitted from dance during those dreary tedious times and examples of dance which represented the zeitgeist of the periods. The pre-war period sawRead MoreLatin American Music And Its Impact On America915 Words   |  4 Pagesa lot of contributions to the USA such as military, language, fine arts, literal arts, music, politics, food and others. Economic Music Hispanic’s music had a great impact in USA. Nowadays, Americans listen to Hispanics’ music. Hispanics’ music now is part of American’s culture. These changes in USA began around of 19th century, when Hispanics immigration increases in the USA. 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Advertiser Pressure on Daily Newspapers Free Essays

I.   Research Questions 1.   How does advertising money affect the reported of news in print news media such as  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   newspapers? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertiser Pressure on Daily Newspapers or any similar topic only for you Order Now    How do advertisers mediate the demands of the advertisers while maintaining true to the objectivity of the news they report? .   Hypothesis The extent to which the advertising directors will allow unethical demands from advertisers to influence the news content will be in proportion to the extent that the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   profit/revenue will be affected.   Ã‚  The three hypotheses are as follows: First, the ad directors at small newspapers will be more likely to adopt unethical practices in response to advertiser pressure. Second, ad directors at chained-owned newspapers will be more likely to adopt unethical practices in response to advertiser pressure. Third, ad directors at chain-owned newspapers with smaller circulations will be more likely to adopt unethical practices in response to advertiser pressure. II.   Type of Experimental Design This experiment involved the use of qualitative research gained through questionnaires    and responses to scenarios devised by the research team.   The sample was a group of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   advertising directors of four sizes of newspapers based on circulation.   The sample was a random sample of 400 newspapers from the country. III.   Procedure Used The researchers developed four scenarios that suggested an unethical request by an advertiser.   The first two were requests to accommodate advertisers by running a photograph or a special story that featured the logo of the product or company.   The first one asked that a special story about summer lawn maintenance feature the advertiser’s information.   The second one asked that a local baseball team’s logo be featured in a photograph.   The second two scenarios were requests to actually â€Å"kill† a story or to allow the advertisers to contribute to the actual content of the story. The third scenario was about a local restaurant owner who wrote his own restaurant review and wanted it included in a restaurant feature story just as he wrote it.   The last scenario involved a car dealership owner who was arrested.   He threatened to pull his substantial advertising if the paper ran the story.   The second two scenarios are considered to be more unethical than the first two, though all four are considered unethical to some degree. IV. Independent variable, dependent variable, and confounding/extraneous variables if any; Independent Variables – the size of the circulation and whether the paper is chain-owned Dependent Variables – the decision to appease the advertisers V. Randomization (how did they assign individuals to the groups, based on what?); The groups were determined by the size of the paper’s circulation and whether or not the newspaper was part of a chain.   The groups are defined as follows: independently owned newspapers with small circulation – up to 25,000 subscribers independently owned newspapers with large circulation – over 25,000 subscribers chain-owned newspapers with small circulation – up to 25,000 subscribers chain-owned newspapers with large circulation – over 25,000 subscribers FULL CITATION Soontae, A Bergen, L. (2007). Advertiser Pressure on Daily Newspapers.   Journal of Advertising. 36.2: 111-122. How to cite Advertiser Pressure on Daily Newspapers, Essay examples